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Writer's pictureEthan Ho

Fundamental vs. Technical Analysis: What’s the Difference?

When it comes to investing in stocks, there are two methods investors use: fundamental analysis and technical analysis. While both have the same goal of beating the market, the way they go about it is different. 


What is Fundamental Analysis?

Fundamental analysis is all about looking at the intrinsic (real value not share price value) of a stock. Investors who use this method focus on understanding the business, its financial health, and overall market potential. The idea is to evaluate whether the stock price reflects the true value of the company. 


  • Revenue and Earnings: Investors will closely look at a company’s financial statements, particularly the income statement, to see how much revenue the company is bringing in.

  • Balance Sheet: Fundamental analysts also study balance sheets to check the company’s assets, liabilities, and equity. This helps determine the company’s stability and its ability to handle financial struggles.

  • Competitive Advantage: Investors also see whether the company has a unique market position. This might include a strong brand, patented technology, or a loyal customer base that gives it an edge over competitors.

  • Economic and Industry Conditions: Analysts take into account broader economic factors, such as interest rates, inflation, and industry trends, to understand how they might affect the company’s future performance.


What is Technical Analysis?

Technical analysis takes a very different approach. Rather than focusing on the company’s intrinsic value, technical analysis looks at historical price movements and market trends to predict future price movements. Technical analysis is all about patterns and charts.


  • Price Charts: The most basic tool for technical analysis is the stock’s price chart. Analysts study price movements to identify patterns such as support (the level at which a stock tends to stop falling) and resistance (the level at which it tends to stop rising).

  • Volume Trends: Volume, or the number of shares traded, plays a key part in confirming price trends. A high trading volume during a price increase suggests strong buyer interest, while low volume during a rise may indicate weakness.

  • Candlestick Patterns: Many technical analysts use candlestick charts to spot short-term price trends. Patterns such as doji, hammer, or engulfing can provide clues about future price movements.

  • Market Sentiment: Technical analysis also relies on understanding market psychology. By studying how investors react to certain market conditions, analysts attempt to predict future price action.


Which Should You Use?

  • Long-Term Investors: If you’re a long-term investor, fundamental analysis is essential. By understanding the real value of a company, you can make decisions based on its potential for long-term growth, rather than short-term fluctuations.

  • Short-Term Traders: On the other hand, if you’re looking to capitalize on short-term market trends, technical analysis is more beneficial. By analyzing price patterns and using technical indicators, you can aim to buy low and sell high in shorter time frames.

  • A Combination of Both: Many successful investors use a hybrid approach, using both fundamental and technical analysis. They might start with fundamental analysis to find strong companies and then use technical analysis to determine the best time to enter or exit a position.

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